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German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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extrinsic nutritional factor that was demonstrated to increase mucosal thickness and villus length in the small intestine ( Todorov et al. 2020 ). In contrast, epithelial-to-mesenchymal signaling by endogenous intrinsically synthetized morphogens, such as
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composition in the small intestine ( Human Microbiome Project 2012 ), and a recent focus on the functionality of these organisms has resulted in the discovery that the microbiome and ISCs have an intimate relationship ( Peck et al. 2017 ). This review will
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risk of diseases such as Crohn's disease in humans ( Cray et al. 2021 ). M cells are specialized epithelial cells found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of Peyer’s patches of the small intestine, isolated lymphoid follicles, colonic
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fatty acids directly impact central nervous system autoimmunity via the small intestine . Immunity 43 817 – 829 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.007 ) Haro C Rangel-Zuniga OA Alcala-Diaz JF , 2016 Intestinal microbiota is influenced