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The human milk microbiota Human infants are born with relatively immature central nervous, immune, and intestinal systems and as such require a high parental care input ( Piantadosi & Kidd 2016 ). Lactation evolved as a fundamental adaptation
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, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Clostridium, and Enterobacter that may originate from the mother’s skin and hospital environments ( Shao et al. 2019 , Chong et al. 2022 ). Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are not
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microbiota analysis are robust to the choice of 16S rRNA gene sequencing processing algorithm: case study on human milk microbiota . BMC Microbiology 20 290 . ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01949-7 ) Murray MH Lankau EW Kidd AD , et al. 2020