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ecosystem, compared to metagenomics, as these isolated microorganisms can be utilised in in vitro work to establish mechanisms of host–microbiota interactions. In 2012, the Lagier research group applied the first culturomics research workflow in the human
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German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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. ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.005 ) Kostic AD Howitt MR & Garrett WS 2013 Exploring host-microbiota interactions in animal models and humans . Genes and Development 27 701 – 718 . ( https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.212522.112 ) Kubis
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microbiota residing with the host as a previously ignored feature contributing to a variety of pathologies. The vast scope of such host-microbiota interactions, which is now known to affect most, if not all host organs and their physiology, begs the question
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. Genes and Development 17 1709 – 1713 . ( https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.267103 ) Poletti M Arnauts K Ferrante M , 2021 Organoid-based models to study the role of host-microbiota interactions in IBD . Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis 15 1222 – 1235
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), purinergic receptor, and G-protein coupled receptors (GPR 41, GPR43, GPR109A) ( Liu et al. 2022 a , c ). These receptors play crucial roles in host–microbiota interactions and are expressed at various levels in different cell types such as IECs